Bitcoin mining is the computational process that underpins the
bitcoin network, validates transactions and gives the system its
security. It is also the process by which new coins are created.
Consequently it is arguably the most important aspect of the bitcoin
ecosystem. Without miners, bitcoin would not exist and could not
continue to function.
Physical currencies are created by a process of mining a metal from
the ground, refining it from its ore and creating coins from it. The
value of the coins partly reflects the work that has to be done to make
them (though fiat currencies are also attributed a degree of arbitrary
value by the state that issues and guarantees them).
Bitcoins use an analogous process, but instead of physical work,
their creation requires virtual work. Miners’ work entails carrying out
mathematical functions called ‘hashes’.

